Molecules in the Gas Phase
video Lesson 1
In this week's Chemistry Grade 11 video, we dive into chapter 8 of the syllabus and explore the world of Lewis diagrams. In lesson 1 of term 2, we focus on the fascinating topic of dative covalent bonds. And lewis diagrams Join us as we explain the concept with clear and concise examples, making it easy for you to understand and master this important topic in your Chemistry journe
Chemical bond: is the force that holds atoms together and makes them function as one unit.
Bond length: is the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms.
Covalent bond: is the equal sharing of one or more pairs of e
-s between 2 non-metal atoms.
Atoms may form a:
a) Single covalent bond: one pair of electrons is shared.
b) Double covalent bond: 2 pairs of electrons are shared.
c) Triple covalent bond: 3 pairs of electrons are shared.
Ionic bond: is the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Cation: a positive ion. A metal atom tends to lose one or more electrons to attain the electronic
configuration of the noble gas before it thus forming a positive ion.
Anion: a negative ion. A non-metal atom tends to gain one or more electrons to attain the
electronic configuration of the noble gas after it thus forming a negative ion.
Electron dot representation of atoms: consists of the chemical symbol for the element
surrounded by dots representing its valence electrons. The chemical symbol represents the atom's nucleus and the non-valence (core electrons).
First : Electron dot representation of cations
Second : Electron dot representation of anions:
The gained electrons are paired with the original
valence electrons and represented in a different symbol.
Third : Electron dot cross diagram of ionic compounds:
To draw the diagram: BQ1
a) Decide on the atoms required, the number of each and the electronic structure.
b) Assume complete transfer of electrons between atoms to form ions with noble gas electronic structure.
c) Show only the outer energy level electronic structure.
Draw square brackets around each ion and show its charge.
For example ;
a) Sodium chloride, NaCl
Fourth : Electron dot cross diagrams of covalent compounds
Example: Hydrogen chloride, HCl
Fifth : Electron dot cross diagrams of elements
Questions
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